Anomalies of the genitourinary system

Anomalies of the genitourinary system

These types of anomalies account for more than a third of all congenital anomalies. They are divided into: singular and plural, mild (which do not appear throughout life) and complex (which are often incompatible with life) anomalies. Because the development of the urinary and genital systems is closely related, in 33% of cases, urinary tract abnormalities are associated with genital anomalies.
There are the following groups of urogenital anomalies:

• Renal abnormalities
• Urinary anomalies
• Bladder abnormalities
• Urinary tract abnormalities
• Testicular anomalies
• Genital anomalies
• Urethral (urinary tract) abnormalities and infravesicular obstruction

Consider some of them:

• Urinary abnormalities

        Urinary abnormalities account for 22% of urinary tract abnormalities. They, like other anomalies, may be accidentally detected in childhood on examination in a completely different disease, although they may also be accompanied by impaired renal function. Narrowing or enlargement of the urethra is most common. Anomalies of the urinary tract are numerous, although each of them causes a disturbance of urinary movement, urodynamics. Disorders of urodynamics, in turn, are followed by inflammation of the kidneys and impairment of its function. Urinary abnormalities in children are often bilateral, multifaceted, and lead to severe renal impairment. Such anomalies appear at the age of 6-10 years. Excretory urography plays a leading role in diagnosis.

• Bladder extrusion

This is the most severe developmental defect in which a person, a child, has an unformed anterior wall of the bladder and the corresponding anterior wall of the abdomen. This anomaly is twice as common in boys as in girls. The nature of this mankind is still unclear. Bladder exstrophy is always accompanied by total epipadia and fracture of the pelvic bones. The diagnosis is heard at birth. Treatment of bladder exstrophy is done only surgically, and the method of surgery depends on the degree of malformation.

• Bladder diverticulum

It is a congenital or acquired anomaly of the bladder in which a tomsic-like swelling develops on one of the walls of the bladder. In children it is a congenital malformation. Diverticulars can be singular and, more rarely, plural. Often a diverticulum develops on the posterior and lateral wall of the bladder. Urine usually accumulates in the diverticulum, which contributes to the development of cystitis, and if one of the ureters opens in it, there is a risk of developing pyelonephritis. What makes a bladder diverticulum? The child may complain of difficulty urinating, separating the urine into two parts (at this time first the bladder is emptied, then – diverticulum). A urologist may diagnose bladder diverticulum after cystoscopy and cystography. This anomaly is treated surgically. The essence of the operation is to get rid of the bladder defect.

• Anomalies of the oracle

Oracle – This is a urinary tract, or peculiar tube, which connects the bladder to the amniotic fluid through the umbilical cord during pregnancy. In the norm, the oracle is healed at the time of childbirth, but sometimes, under the influence of determinants, this urethra is only partially blocked, resulting in the formation of its anomalies, which are treated mainly surgically.

• Agenesis of the bladder

At m the bladder is not formed at all. This extremely rare malignancy is paired with other developmental malformations that create a condition incompatible with life.

• Doubling of the bladder

At this time, a septum forms in the bladder, which divides it into two parts. Such an anomaly is accompanied by doubling of the urethra. He is treated only surgically.

• Bladder neck contracture

This is a type of bladder anomaly in which excess connective tissue develops at the site of urinary excretion in the bladder wall. The symptoms of this disease range from urinary incontinence to complete urinary excretion. The doctor makes a diagnosis based on the results of urocystoscopy and urethrocystography. Treatment at this time is also surgical.

See also: Cystitis