Cysts and nodules
Cysts are sac-like formations, they have a wall and contents, they may arise in different tissues and organs.
Thus, it is an anomalous cavity, filled with liquid or semi-liquid contents. It is separated from the surrounding tissues by a special capsule and is not an integral part of the tissue or organ where it is located.
An abnormal cavity may develop during infection, chronic inflammatory process, tumors and embryo formation, as a result of abnormal development of internal organs.
Sometimes the development of this formation has an inherited basis.
Different types of cysts are distinguished by their:
- Development mechanism
- Location and place
- The existence of obsolescence
- Of size
- According to the contents
Cysts can occur in virtually any part of the human body, however, their favorite place is the skin and ovaries.
Usually, the cyst develops as a result of the obstruction of the glandular outlet glands when secretions and fluid accumulate in the cavity.
True and false cyst
True and false cysts are distinguished, the wall of true cysts is epithelial tissue, and false – special tissues.
Acquired and congenital cyst
Depending on the development, cysts may be acquired and congenital.
Congenital cysts develop as a result of improper formation of organs and tissues, arise from the channels and cracks left during embryonic development, their contents are also embryonic, they contain different parts of the body, teeth, hair.
These include: multiple cysts of the present gland, dermoid cyst, endometrial cyst, ovaries, kidneys, cysts of the pancreas and nervous system, as well as malformations of the salivary glands.
Acquired cysts form after a person is born, at different stages of life.
How does a cyst develop?
According to the development mechanism are distinguished:
- Parasitic
- Retentive
- Traumatic
- Tumorous
- Dysontogenetic cysts
Parasitic cyst – a bladder formation in which various parasitic worms are trapped, most often it is Echinococcus and Cysticercia.
Retentive – Acquired cysts that develop in the glandular-secretory organs due to the complication of normal and complete outflow of secretions from the gland.
Normal drainage obstruction may be caused by any microscopic debris, dust, or small pebbles. It may also develop due to thickening of the secretion itself, or by clogging the lumen with tumor tissue, causing secretions to accumulate in the lumen, stretch, and develop cavities with watery, mucous membranes.
These are: saliva, breast, sebaceous glands, pancreas and present gland cysts.
A traumatic cyst develops as a result of trauma and has a wall in the organ where it is located, however, over time, the usual tissue may change with the connector.
These include epithelial cysts of the finger phalanges and wrists, the colored membrane of the eye, and the pancreas.
A tumor is a cyst that forms at the site of one or more cell cavities developed as a result of impaired metabolism by tumor tissue growth. It most often occurs in the glandular organs. These include cystic lymphangioma, cystic ameloblastoma, and cystic adenoma of the salivary glands.
Ramolitic cysts develop as a result of damage to compact building tissue, such as a heart attack or bruise. Later such fabric is softened, thinned and absorbed.
Such cysts are found in the spinal cord and brain. The same type is ovarian corpus luteum cyst, bone and tooth cyst.
Nodes
Tissue nodules are the unnatural growth and degeneration of tissues as a result of a certain pathological process, hardening, predominantly rounded or elliptical in shape, which on hand examination is easily distinguished from the organ and nearby tissues where it is located.
The most common are hardeners and nodules in the thyroid gland, breast and uterus.
Thyroid node
It is a part of the thyroid gland that develops during the intense division of thyroid cells, thyrocytes, resulting in the formation of a round, elliptical or ball-like hardening. Most thyroid nodules are benign, however, a small proportion may also be malignant in nature.
Most nodules are asymptomatic and do not bother patients; they are accidentally detected by ultrasound or computed tomography of the blood vessels in the neck, head, and chest. Sometimes patients find the nodes themselves.
Knot of the uterus
Nodes develop in the muscular layer of the uterus, causing a disease known as uterine fibroids. Myoma is a benign tumor and is the most common problem among gynecological diseases, accounting for 25% of the total.
This is usually the case for women of late reproductive and premenopausal age. There is an opinion that the true prevalence of the disease is much higher and equals 70% of the total.
The myoma node itself is a chaotically intertwined round-shaped smooth muscle fibers. They range in diameter from a few millimeters to a few centimeters, although they may be much larger and weigh from a few grams to several kilograms. The largest myoma node known in world medical practice weighed 63 kilograms.
Breast nodes
A nodule in the breast is a hardened tissue or cone-like growth that is essentially separated from the breast and surrounding tissues when touched by hand. Such nodes are often found by chance, self-examination or planned examination with a specialist.
Breast hardening is a fairly common problem and is usually benign, however, it requires some analysis and research to confirm their benignity.
In addition to the thyroid gland, uterus, and breast, tissue nodules may develop in virtually all organs and soft tissues, so a specialist assessment should be performed to detect any abnormal tissue formation.
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