In vitro fertilization: It is an auxiliary reproductive tool for those couples
Who do not have a biological child after 1 year of regular sexual intercourse. Today, it is considered to be the most effective method.
In vitro fertilization involves several stages:
Internal insemination – this is a condition when a man has reduced sperm count and it is possible to insert processed sperm into the uterine cavity. At this time the doctor practically does not interfere in the fertilization process, he just helps the egg and sperm to meet each other.
– ICSI method of in vitro fertilization – The need to use this method arises in more difficult cases when the quality of sperm is very low or a large amount of damaged sperm. As for the procedure itself, we take the sperm and insert it into the egg.
The probability of pregnancy after the first procedure is about 60-70%. What matters is what causes the failure. This can be due to many things.
Pathology
Failure may result in the procedure being performed during a pathology, such as when the tubes were closed – in which case the egg and sperm would not meet because fertilization takes place in the tube.
Patient age
In some cases, the failure of the in-vitro fertilization procedure is due to the age of the patient. The younger the person, the fewer genetic pathologies in the egg. It can be said that women under the age of 38 reach the reproductive peak and then go downhill. Today, the female reproductive age has increased to 49 years. However, after 38 years the quality of the egg deteriorates, so try to have children at a young age. The procedure is especially effective at this age.
Hormonal problems
The patient may have hormonal problems, but this is not a problem. Doctors regulate the hormonal spectrum, after which the probability of pregnancy after the procedure is much higher.
Diagnostic
The in vitro procedure is considered to be a modern panacea, but before we go straight to the process, correct diagnosis allows people to solve the problem of infertility in a more timely manner. These problems can be: congenital malformation of the uterus, ovarian dysfunction, congenital or transmitted infertility, severe oligospermia – these complications are a direct indication for in vitro fertilization. However there are some disorders that are treatable and in vitro fertilization is no longer necessary. Initially, the patient undergoes various functional tests, such as examinations of hormones, infections, as well as the exclusion of mechanical factors such as infertility. An in vitro procedure has been set up to eliminate the problem of infertility in tubes because if the tube is not permeable, fertilization is impossible. Nowadays, pathologies such as: uterine malformation, absence of the uterus, both congenital and postoperative, are common. This is what has led to the development of donation-surrogacy programs that are actively used in in vitro fertilization today.
Pregnancy
Pregnancy obtained by artificial and natural fertilization is practically no different from each other. It should also be noted that if the patient follows the doctor’s advice for 9 months, it is impossible to deal with any complications. In vitro fertilization involves artificial processes that doctors create as close to natural as possible. Prior to the procedure, the patient’s ovarian reserve, its hormonal index, general condition are pre-determined. The patient will not be allowed to undergo the procedure unless he or she has been examined for cervical and breast pathology. This is important because the patient may think he or she is practically healthy, although a screening examination may show that he or she has some kind of pathology. This procedure is absolutely safe in the hands of a qualified physician, since reproductive therapists use medications that are derived from the processing of human hormones or are synthetically created. Therefore, these are drugs that are familiar to the body.
Risks
Excessive levels of hormones in the body can lead to ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, in which the ovaries become swollen and painful. However, today this is no longer a problem, because technology is improving – both drugs and the quality of stimulation, however, when a person loses an average of 10-15 follicles during natural fertilization, the loss during artificial insemination is practically no. However, pregnancy may not occur after the first attempt at fertilization, so the second procedure is cheaper and at the same time the patient is no longer loaded with medication.
Congenital anomalies
There is a stereotype that congenital anomalies develop as a result of in vitro fertilization, but in fact, artificial insemination rarely gives birth to a child with pathology, because at this time any process in the body is artificially created – physiologically, and each stage is strictly controlled. We get pregnant when the patient follows the doctor’s instructions carefully. Consequently, there is no pathology that can result from in vitro fertilization.
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